AXIOM Beta

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1 Printed Circuit Boards

Boards:

The AXIOM Beta uses a Microzed as main image processing platform:

AES-Z7MB-7Z020-SOM-G TOP.jpg

AES-Z7MB-7Z020-SOM-G

Interface Shield 1

2 AXIOM Beta Generations

Voucher holders get at-cost hardware upgrades and replacements. But any voucher holder can decide it which stage to actually acquire the current AXIOM Beta hardware. Software upgrades are and will always be free and publicly available. You can at any time upgrade or downgrade your camera software.

2.1 AXIOM Beta I - Developer Edition (Early Beta)

Intended for developers and early adopters - first generation that will be shipped - small production batch size of around 20 cameras.

Limitations:

  • no enclosure yet - skeleton only (3D View)
  • CMV12000 image sensor only
  • passive sensor cooling only
  • passive E-Mount only (passive Canon / Nikon adapter available)
  • screw on UV/IR cut off filter instead of camera internal one
  • Interface Board limits image sensors throughput to 150FPS@4K (faster Interface Board replacement will be available later)
  • Dual 5V 3A AC power supply only
  • 1x HDMI 1080p60 output module and PMOD debug module are the only plugin modules available currently (AXIOM Beta has two slots)
  • Solder-on area on AXIOM Main Board not populated with gyroscopes/magnetometer/accelerator yet (will be available later on)
  • Power Board requires manual reconfiguration (trimmers) switching to a different image sensor module
  • no power switch on camera yet (camera turns on when power is connected)

3 AXIOM Beta Topics

3.1 Active Battery Mount

20140930134156-BETA Zeiss Battery2.jpg

Battery mount for NP-F970/F750/F550 batteries to power the AXIOM Beta. Includes power usage and capacity monitoring to estimate remaining charge and time remaining.

More Thoughts on Power.

3.1.1 InfoLithium Protocol

Proprietary protocol from Sony that exchanges metadata between batteries and devices. Expected data inside the protocol includes: charge cycles, battery ID, remaining total capacity, remaining current capacity, etc. Only official Sony batteries incorporate this protocol, cheap replacement parts don't and some Pro Sony cameras refuse operation with batteries without InfoLithium communication. Decrypting this protocol could give us more insight into the battery but is not essential as we can measure the discharge curve and estimate remaining capacity rather accurately that way.

3.1.1.1 Hacking References

http://randybuildsthings.wordpress.com/2013/02/25/sony-infolithium-m-teardown/

http://www.dpreview.com/forums/post/4296759

3.2 AXIOM Remote

Still in concepting phase of development.

Dictator-render-V2-03.jpg

https://apertus.org/axiom-remote

AXIOM_Remote

3.3 Image Processing Pipeline

Draft pipeline taken from AXIOM Alpha for now.


Image Acquisition Pipeline:

Image04.png


HDMI Image Processing Pipeline:

Image01.png

3.3.1 Image Processing Nodes

3.3.1.1 Debayering

A planned feature is to generate this FPGA code block with "dynamic reconfiguration" meaning that the actual debayering algorithm can be replaced at any time by loading a new FPGA binary block at run-time. This tries to simplify creating custom debayering algorithms with a script like programming language that can be translated to FPGA code and loaded into the FPGA dynamically for testing.

3.3.1.2 Image Overlays

Full HD framebuffer that can be altered from the Linux userspace and is automatically "mixed" with the real time video from the image sensor. (https://www.apertus.org/pong-project on the AXIOM Alpha was implemented exactly with this method)

We still need to decide if a color palette here is sufficient or how many colors we would need. 32 bit image with Alpha channel might be an unnecessary overkill here.

This feature could also be used to draw live histograms/scopes.

3.3.1.3 Peaking

Peaking marks high image frequency areas with colored dot overlays. These marked areas are typically the ones "in-focus" currently so this is a handy tool to see where the focus lies with screens that have lower resolution than the camera is capturing.

Handy Custom Parameters:

  • color
  • frequency threshold

Potential Problems:

  • there are sharper and softer lenses so the threshold depends on the glass currently used. For a sharp lens the peaking could show areas as "in-focus" if they actually aren't and for softer lenses the peaking might never show up at all because the threshold is never reached

3.3.1.4 Image Blow Up / Zoom

Digital zoom into the center area of the image to check focus.

As extra feature this zoomed area could be moved around the full sensor area.

20140909152450-look-around.jpg


This feature is also related to the "Look Around" where the viewfinder sees a larger image area than is being output to the clean-feed.

This re-sampling method to scale up/down an image in real-time can be of rather low quality (nearest neighbor/bilinear/etc.) as it is only for preview purposes.

3.3.1.5 Matrix and LUTs

3x3 / 4x4 Matrix

AXIOM Alpha uses one LUT per color channel.

Maybe a 3D LUT (17×17×17) is possible at a later point: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_lookup_table

3.4 Lens Mounts

AXIOM Beta is outfitted with an E Mount currently. Adapters for Canon, Nikon, PL, etc are widely available.

Picture of Nikon F bayonet mount components.
Mount Nikon F Canon EF Micro Four Thirds
Type Bayonet
Compatible Lenses Nikkor FX Nikkor DX EF EF-S (optionally)
Image Circle Size Full Frame
ø 43.3 mm
DX
ø 28.4 mm
Full Frame
ø 43.3 mm
Canon APS-C
ø 27.3 mm
"Half Frame"
ø 21.6 mm
Throat 44 mm 54 mm ~38 mm
Flange focal distance 46.5 mm 44 mm 19.25 mm
Axiom Beta
Sensor Compatibility
16mm
Four Thirds
Super35
16mm
Four Thirds

More Details: Lens Mounts

3.4.1 Passive EF Mount

3.4.2 Passive Nikon F-Mount

Measured Bayonet Thickness: 1.3mm

3.4.3 Passive Micro Four Thirds Mount

3.4.4 Active Canon EF Mount

3.5 4K RAW PC recording option

This has been renamed to "AXIOM Bridge" and is currently still in the concept phase of development.

20141007124425-4kraw-pc-based.jpg

3.6 Enclosure Design

Notes:

Body Design Options

Cooling

Switchable ND Filters not planned currently

3.6.1 Skeleton

https://github.com/apertus-open-source-cinema/beta-hardware/tree/master/Enclosure/Skeleton_E-mount


3.6.2 Simple Enclosure

3.6.3 Full Enclosure

3.7 Electronics

3.7.1 AXIOM Beta PCB Stack Concept

Version 4:

PCB-Stack-Concept-V03-022.jpg

All dimensions are still not final! Work in progress...

File:PCB Stack Concept V03 02.pdf

PCB Stack Dimensions 01.jpg

3.7.2 Image Sensor Frontend

3.7.2.1 Image Sensors

Graphic that compares the different Sensor Sizes and Lens Image Circles of the Axiom Beta
Axiom Beta Model 16mm Four Thirds Super35
Brand CMOSIS ON Semionductor
(prev. Truesense/Kodak)
CMOSIS
Model CMV2000 KAC12040 CMV12000
Type CMOS
Shutter Type Pipelined Global Shutter Global & Rolling Shutter Pipelined Global Shutter
Color filter Array Bayer (Color model)
None (B/W model)
IR filter no
Anti-Aliasing Filter (OLPF) no
Size 10.6 mm × 5.94 mm
ø 12.1 mm
18.8 mm × 14.1 mm
ø 23.5 mm
22.5 mm × 16.9 mm
ø 28.2 mm
Crop Factor Full Frame ∕ 3.56
16mm Film ∕ 1.05
Full Frame ∕ 1.84
Four Thirds ∕ 0.96
Full Frame ∕ 1.54
Super35 ∕ 1.10
Aspect Ratio 16:9 4:3 4:3
Pixel Resolution (h × v) 1920 × 1080 4000 × 3000 4096 × 3072
Pixel Size 5.5 µm 4.7 µm 5.5 µm
Dynamic Range 10 stops
15 stops (HDR mode)
9.3 stops (Gobal Shutter)
12 stops (Rolling Shutter)
10 stops
15 stops (HDR mode)
Sensitivity 200 ISO ~ 400 - 1250 ISO
Max Frame Rate @ Bit Depth 340 fps @ 10 bit
70 fps @ 12 bit
110 fps @ 8 bit
70 fps @ 10 bit
30 fps @ 12 bit
10 fps @ 14 bit
300 fps @ 10 bit
180 fps @ 12 bit
More info

3.7.3 Shields

The AXIOM Beta has 2 medium speed IO interfaces to be used with "shields".

  • One 200Mbit/s shield interface
  • One 1Gbit/s shield interface
  • Shields are not hot plug-able

3.7.4 Plugin Modules

There are 2 high speed IO interfaces where "plugin modules" can be hot plugged

  • 6.2Gbit/s each:
    • 6 ✕ 950Mbit/s
    • 500MBit/s GPIO
  • Two modules can be combined in one 12.4 Gbit/s double height module
  • Hot pluggable
  • 2x PCIe connectors (not using PCIe signaling)

3.8 Beta Naming Scheme

Versions of the AXIOM Beta will be named AXIOM Beta plus the according roman number.

eg. AXIOM Beta I - Developer Edition

3.9 Develop